Titlebook: Microbial Resistance to Drugs; Lawrence E. Bryan (Head) Book 1989 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1989 antibiotic.antibiotics.genetics.m

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Book 1989gents. Thus we tend to see discussion of resistance to f3-lactams, tetracyclines, amino- glycosides etc. In this book many of the authors were asked to emphasize the mechanism of resistance in their discussion and from that to show how susceptibility to various agents was affected. In part this was

NAV

Role of the Outer Membrane of Gram-Negative Bacteria in Antimicrobial Resistance, same time it produced an increase in infections, often hospital-acquired, by antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria of moderate or even marginal pathogenicity (. 1985). The general resistance to antibiotics, often encountered in such gram-negative bacteria, is largely due to the presence of an

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Resistance to ,-Lactam Antibiotics Mediated by Alterations of Penicillin-Binding Proteins, lipid-linked disaccharide-pentapeptide substrate of the enzymes that catalyse the synthesis of crosslinked peptidoglycan (. and . 1983). These enzymes can be detected and studied as penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) as they are essentially irreversibly acylated by penicillin, and other .-lactam an

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Armada

Beta-Lactamases: Genetic Control,ere discovered as early as 1940, when an extract of a strain of . was shown to inactivate a solution of benzylpenicillin (. et al. 1940). A few years later the importance of beta-lactamases was demonstrated in gram-positive bacteria when . producing such an enzyme was shown to be responsible for cli

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Resistance to Quinolones and Fluoroquinolones,r agents nalidixic and oxolinic acid. The quinolone class (which includes 4-pyridone antibacterials) share the 4-quinolone nucleus and also a carboxylic acid substituent at position 3 (Fig. 1). During the last twenty-five years many compounds have been synthesised with additional substituents upon t