Titlebook: Methods of Assessing the Reinforcing Properties of Abused Drugs; Michael A. Bozarth Book 1987 Springer-Verlag New York Inc. 1987 Motivatio

Water-Brash

altruism

言行自由

D. C. S. Roberts,K. A. Zitonal principle. From this viewpoint, the general multiplier method is shown to constitute a modern form of Noether’s theorem in which the variational principle is not directly used. When a PDE (system) is non-variational, multipliers are shown to be an adjoint counterpart to infinitesimal symmetries,

Inordinate

Jonathan L. Katz,Steven R. Goldberghabitat sizes”, QSDs are shown to concentrate on the positive attractors of deterministic models. Moreover, the probability extinction decreases exponentially with habitat size. Alternatively, environmental stochasticity stems from fluctuations in environmental conditions which influence survival, g