Titlebook: Medical Neuroanatomy for the Boards and the Clinic; Finding the Lesion Jonathan Leo Textbook 20221st edition The Editor(s) (if applicable)

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Cerebellar Lesions,on descending from the cortex and another stream of information ascending from the spinal cord. The cerebral cortex is sending commands—the plan of action—down to your muscles via the corticospinal and corticobulbar pathways, and the cerebellum is listening in, or getting a sample of those commands.

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Basal Ganglia Lesions, not pressing on the gas pedal, think of a parking brake which is in the “on” position and keeping your hand at rest. The basal ganglion is the parking brake. When it comes time to move your hand, milliseconds before the movement, you need to turn the brake “off.” The following schematics focus on h

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Limbic Circuit and Lesions,e hippocampus projects via the fornix to the mammillary bodies, then to the anterior nucleus of the thalamus via the mammillothalamic tract, which in turn projects to the cingulate gyrus, and then back to the hippocampus (Fig. 11.1).

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How the Brain Works: LTP, NMDA, and NO, the workings of the brain, Hebb proposed that learning takes place in the synapse. He proposed that when associations are made in our mind, it is because neurons fired together, which resulted in strengthened synapses. For example, when a dog hears a bell, there is no obvious reaction in the dog, b

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Brainstem Lesions,r the brainstem lesions, you want to make sure you understand (1) why the patient exhibits various signs and symptoms, (2) which artery is affected, and (3) the specific circuits for each compromised tract. In addition, for any given structure, you want to pay attention to its neighbors. Not every s

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Fibers, Reflexes, and Radiculopathies,s. All of which leaves the student pondering how much of this relates to clinical medicine and wondering how much they need to know. The most important characteristic is speed or ., which is based on fiber diameter and whether the fiber is myelinated or not. The thicker the fiber, the faster the con

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