Titlebook: Measuring Calcium and Calmodulin Inside and Outside Cells; Ole H. Petersen Book 2001 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2001 Calcium.Fluore

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Simple Principles of Imaging — Image Files, Image Processing and Image Analysisand, on some occasions, of preparing the image(s) for publication. The array of image analysis and manipulation programs and suites is huge and increases continuously, as the computer power and memory increases all the time allowing the transformation of the computer from a text-based machine (in go

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Measuring Ca2+ in the Nucleoplasm of Intact Cellshoton is emitted. In its active form, the protein includes a covalently bound prosthetic group (coelenterazine) that is released in the Ca. triggered reaction. In the 60s and 70s aequorin was, together with metallochromic indicators, the most widely employed probe for intracellular Ca. (Ridgway and

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Ca2+ Measurement with Luminescent Probes in the Endoplasmic Reticulumn advantage of this technique is the highly precise targeting of the probe. The main disadvantage relies in the relatively low amount of emitted light, which makes it difficult to perform single-cell imaging studies at the required time resolution. On the technical side, the equipment required for l

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Ca2+ Measurement with Fluorescent Probes in the Endoplasmic Reticulumo the development and widespread use of sensitive probes for cytoplasmic Ca. such as fura- 2 (Grynkiewicz 1985; Tsien, 1989), the calcium ion is likely the most intensively studied of the known second messenger systems. Cytoplasmic signals, however, are influenced by many factors (Pozzan et al., 199

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Ca2+ Measurements in Secretory Granulesum-releasing messenger is inositoll, 4,5-trisphosphate (IP.) (Berridge 1993), although recently it has been demonstrated that cADP-ribose (Rakovic 1996) and NAADP (Cancela 1999) can also be important intracellular calcium- releasing messengers. It has been generally accepted, that agonists evoke cyt

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Ca2+ Measurement in Endosomes of Intact Cellsa membrane calcium pumps and in some cases Na.-Ca. exchangers whereas uptake is mediated by a variety of plasma membrane calcium channels (Petersen 1994, Pozzan 1994; Parekh and Penner 1997). The calcium transport into cells by endocytosis has been overlooked and amounts of calcium that could be tra