Titlebook: Mastering Sociology; Gerard O’Donnell Textbook 1994Latest edition Macmillan Publishers Limited 1994 care.demography.education.migration.mo

飾帶

Informal and formal educationPeople start to learn from the moment they are born: initially most of this learning takes place in the home (Chapter 3) but later other agencies such as neighbourhood, religion, media and ‘peer group’ — the term used for people of the same age — all join in this process of informal education.

ZEST

軍火

Ability and achievementIn the past it was assumed that some strata of society were superior to others because they inherited intelligence or artistic abilities along with their physical appearance, from their parents. This belief in ‘genetic endowment’ has been challenged during the last one hundred years and the ‘nature v. nurture’ debate continues.

Rustproof

Social mobilityThere has been a significant change in the proportion of privately owned wealth in the hands of the top one per cent of the population, but the proportionate change diminishes as one climbs down the ladder of wealth ownership (section 10.2) (Table 11.1).

AUGUR

Rewards and conditionsPeople work for ‘CISSES’ (section 12.1). The relevant importance that people attach to each is partially a matter of individual judgement and partially a matter of necessity. If people feel that they cannot aspire to a high status position, they may dismiss such an objective and claim that they are only interested in money or job satisfaction.

即席

The changing conditions of employmentOver a hundred years ago Marx saw that the methods used in production influenced all the other processes in society; social, political and intellectual.

補(bǔ)助

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ABIDE

Alcove