Titlebook: Mass Challenge; The Socioeconomic Im Tino Sanandaji Book 2020 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to S

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The Economics of Migration,the regular labor market, or relegated to low-wage occupations, immigration is more likely to be an economic drag. The human capital of immigrants (skills, education) appears to be the most important causal factor in determining how well immigrants perform in the labor market.

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A Moral Superpower, These gaps to a significant degree persist into the second generation. This combination of generous refugee policy and social and economic segregation constitutes the “Swedish paradox”—a state of affairs where non-immigrant Swedes tend to express high levels of tolerance in surveys, while rarely actually socializing with immigrants.

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Parallel Societies,migrants reaches a tipping point, estimated at 3–4% of the population?within an area, the majority population begins to leave the area in what is commonly termed “white flight.” Segregation can have extensive social effects, giving rise to “parallel societies,” where religious extremism and gang crime can extend their influence.

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Social Exclusion,the number of geographical areas characterized by low employment, low electoral participation, and poor educational outcomes rose from three in 1990 to 128 in 2002, and?to 156 in 2006. My own update of these reports shows that the number of “areas of social exclusion” had increased further in 2012—to 186 such areas.

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Immigration and Causality,n by the increase in immigration volumes, not by deteriorating immigrant performance. For example, the foreign-born now make up a majority of Sweden’s unemployed population, while receiving 65% of social assistance payments.