Titlebook: Marine Anthropogenic Litter; Melanie Bergmann,Lars Gutow,Michael Klages Book‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘ 2015 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and the Author(s)

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Persistence of Plastic Litter in the Oceansrate of degradation is temperature-dependent resulting in considerable deceleration of the processes in seawater, which is a good heat sink. Below the photic zone in the water column, plastics degrade very slowly resulting in high persistence of plastic litter especially at the seafloor. Biological

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Deleterious Effects of Litter on Marine Lifeof debris ingested. In combination with dedicated impact studies in the wild or experiments, this will allow more detailed assessments of the deleterious effects of marine debris on individuals and populations.

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Marine Litter as Habitat and Dispersal Vectornd surface rugosity, are crucial for colonization by marine organisms and the subsequent succession of the rafting community. The rafters themselves affect substratum characteristics such as floating stability, buoyancy, and degradation. Under the influence of currents and winds marine litter can tr

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Microplastics in the Marine Environment: Sources, Consequences and Solutionsing the ocean, fragmentation of the items already present would continue for years to come. The term microplastics has only been in popular usage for a decade and while many questions remain about the extent to which they could have harmful effects, the solutions to reducing this contamination are a

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Methodology Used for the Detection and Identification of Microplastics—A Critical Appraisaled to the currently applied techniques for the identification and quantification of microplastics. The subsequent case study on microplastics in sediment samples from the North Sea measured with?focal plane array (FPA)-based micro-Fourier transform infrared (micro-FTIR) spectroscopy shows that only

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Microplastics in the Marine Environment: Distribution, Interactions and Effectstood. Without knowledge of retention and egestion rates of field populations, it is difficult to deduce ecological consequences. There is evidence to suggest that microplastics enter food chains and there is trophic transfer between predators and prey. What is clear is that further research on a var

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Modeling the Role of Microplastics in Bioaccumulation of Organic Chemicals to Marine Aquatic Organisof two to three. In the field, where contaminants are present already, gradients can be expected to be smaller or even opposite, leading to cleaning by plastic. Furthermore, the directions of the gradients may be opposite for the different chemicals present in the chemical mixtures in microplastics