Titlebook: Marginality and Global LGBT Communities; Conflicts, Civil Rig Sheri R. Notaro Book 2020 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 202

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Legal Status and Challenges to Homosexuality, legal gains in marriage and adoption rights for same-sex couples. This chapter explicates additional legal challenges faced by the LGBT community including discrimination within the realms of employment, housing, education, public accommodations, military service, refugee protections, and hate crim

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Access to Health Care,s to coverage and health insurance market reforms, non-discrimination policies, and requirements for data collection and research (Kates, Ranji, Beamesderfer, Salganicoff, & Dawson in ., 2017). In terms of coverage, Baker, Cray, and Gates (., 2013) estimated that the expansion of Medicaid (which mad

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HIV/AIDS,ough considerable progress has been made in the AIDS epidemic, including marked reductions in new HIV infections and AIDS-related deaths, HIV remains a significant global public health problem (UNAIDS, 2013). According to 2013 global estimates from UNAIDS, 35 million people were living with HIV, 2.1

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Violence, of some of the most vulnerable members of the LGBT community. The chapter also discusses the secret yet widespread practice of sex trafficking of young boys in Afghanistan. This practice, known as bacha bazi, is common among wealthy and powerful men who claim a heterosexual sexual orientation. The

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A Framework for the Future,LGBT individuals as well as efforts to reverse gains in such rights will continue to be associated with bias, stigma, and discrimination experienced within this community. The remainder of this chapter will look ahead to the future fight for LGBT rights on individual, local, national, and internatio

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Substance Use and Abuse,f HIV and some STIs (sexually transmitted infections) among those who identify as LGBT suggest that substance use may be more likely to result in HIV or STIs in LGBT individuals as compared with heterosexuals (e.g., Kahler et al., 2015).