Titlebook: Manual of Pediatric Cardiac Care; Volume II Talat Mesud Yelbuz (Editor-in-Chief),Mohammed Abdu Textbook 2024Latest edition The Editor(s) (i

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Ethical Considerations and Ethical Decision Making in Pediatric Cardiac CareTo look after children in a cardiac care unit is to be exposed to ethical situations on a daily basis. These ethical encounters can be of different levels of complexity:

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Overview of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery with Historical Timeline and Definitions of Named Surgical Prot hard and cumulative work since 1930s. Besides a short historical timeline of some named key surgical procedures, we are presenting in this overview also a list of definitions for some of these key procedures, including year of reporting, innovator, and a brief description of the surgical technique

GRACE

Quality Standards and Measures in Pediatric Cardiac Surgical Proceduresr pediatric cardiac surgical procedures. In this brief chapter, we highlight some key processes that are important in this context, such as the ., ., ., along with short overview of . for benchmarking, quality assurance, and performance monitoring and improvement.

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Cardiopulmonary Bypassrdiopulmonary bypass machine also known as the heart and lung machine (HLM). The first successful heart-lung machine was developed by John Gibbon in1953. The main objective of the CPB machine is to provide a bloodless, motionless heart for an optimum condition for cardiovascular surgery. To achieve