Titlebook: Manual of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound; A Self-Study, Protoc Mark H. Greenberg,Alvin Lee Day,Suliman Alradawi Textbook 2023 This is a U.S. go

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Anterior Elbow,form intricate tasks. Like most of the elbow, the anterior elbow is highly accessible sonographically. The radial and median nerves may be compressed near the elbow, causing pain, weakness, and paresthesia. A compromised radial nerve may cause lateral elbow pain, mimicking tennis elbow. Median nerve

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Posterior Elbow, or synovitis from inflammatory joint conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, gout, and spondyloarthropathy. Synovial hypertrophy from pigmented villonodular synovitis and synovial chondromatosis may also be evident. The sonographer may detect bony damage from rheumatoid arthritis or capitellum ost

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Lateral Elbow,l examination, ultrasound is the next best tool for evaluating lateral elbow pain and may determine that the pain is due to tendinosis, tearing, or even enthesopathy of the common extensor tendon. An underlying lateral collateral ligament tear may be apparent sonographically. Ultrasound can detect a

急性

Fretful

Shoulder,ostoperative shoulder, and it is ideal for those patients who cannot undergo magnetic resonance imaging studies. The shoulder is sonographically accessible but complicated. However, no modality can compete with ultrasound to evaluate impingement, adhesive capsulitis, effusion, and tendon subluxation

Inveterate

Anterior Ankle, involve this area of the ankle and foot, as does crystalline disease, particularly gout. The extensor tendons are infrequently damaged, but may still be subject to tendinosis, tenosynovitis, and tears. The anterior ankle joint, namely the tibiotalar joint, is where ultrasound can easily detect a sy

Explosive

Posterior Ankle and Heel,logy. In the posterior heel, ultrasound reveals Achilles tendinopathy, tears, enthesitis, calcium or gouty deposits, bursitis, and evidence for Haglund’s syndrome. Inferiorly, heel pain is a common complaint with multiple etiologies. Plantar fasciitis is easily detectable. Other causes of inferior h

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Lateral Ankle,eumatoid arthritis, and gout leave sonographic signs of tenosynovitis, enthesitis, or subtalar joint effusion. Ultrasound assesses tendinopathy, accessory tendons, and peroneal tendon subluxation due to retinaculum tears. The painful os peroneum syndrome is sonographically detectable, with pain repr

Psychogenic

Medial Ankle,e may also be compromised beyond the tarsal tunnel. Ultrasound helps delineate the causes of nerve injury within and beyond the tarsal tunnel. The medial ankle ligaments are less often injured than their lateral ankle counterparts, but they are accessible for ultrasonic evaluation. Three major tendo

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Forefoot and Toes,dies. The list of causes of forefoot pain is long. The clinician evaluates foot pain with a history, physical, and radiographs. Still, many diagnoses are elusive without an MRI, an impractical modality for every patient with forefoot pain. Ultrasound assists in forefoot pain assessment since many pa