Titlebook: Managing Global Innovation; Uncovering the Secre Roman Boutellier,Oliver Gassmann,Maximilian Zedtwi Book 19991st edition Springer-Verlag Be

搖晃

DOSE

Organizing Virtual R&D Teams: Towards a Contingency ApproachThe strong decentralization of R&D and the dispersion of centers-of-excellence in the 1980s and 1990s have led to increased transnational R&D processes. A central dilemma in the organization of dispersed projects is project efficiency versus the effective use of specialized knowledge in dispersed knowledge centers.

羽飾

Managing the International R-to-D InterfaceIn technology-intensive firms, the two most prominent factors determining the business environment are technology and customers. For the role of R&D, the interplay between the two can be tricky.

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在駕駛

嬉耍

Hoffmann-La Roche: Global Differentiation between R and DRoche develops, manufactures and markets high-quality products and services in the field of health care. The activities of the group’s four divisions — pharmaceuticals, diagnostics, vitamins and fine chemicals, fragrances and flavors — focus on the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease and on the promotion of general well-being.

故意釣到白楊

indigenous

and figures and tables."Countries splinter, regional trading blocks grow, the global economy becomes even more interconnected. " Lester Thurow, The Future o/Capitalism, 1996 Globalization has changed the face of R&D. Local knowledge clusters are not only tapped by multinationals but by small and med

Organonitrile

付出

Nestlé: Interaction of R&D and Intelligence Managementmore than 60 countries. Sales amounted to approximately 40 billion Swiss francs in 1996 and represent a 1.5% share of the world market. They are distributed across three geographical areas: Europe, America, Asia, and five categories of products: beverages, dairy, ready meals, confectionery and pharmaceutical products.