Titlebook: MGH Cardiology Board Review; Hanna K. Gaggin,James L. Januzzi Jr. Textbook 2021Latest edition Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 Cardiolo

終端

Stable Ischemic Heart Disease,y, and advances in the diagnosis of coronary atherosclerosis, the management of patients with chronic coronary artery disease (CAD) has become an increasingly important part of clinical practice. The spectrum of stable ischemic heart disease includes patients who have subclinical atherosclerosis or

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神秘

Stress Testing and Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing,trate to organs and skeletal muscle. Under resting condition, the body’s metabolic requirement and corollary demands on the cardiovascular system are modest. In contrast, physical activities ranging from the simple tasks of daily living to vigorous forms of physical exertion require marked increases

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碳水化合物

Vascular Disease and Venous Thromboembolism,Patients with PAD are at high-risk for adverse cardiovascular events. Management of lower extremity PAD has two components: aggressive treatment of cardiovascular risk factors as well as treatment of lower extremity symptoms. In some cases of carotid and renal artery disease, interventional treatmen

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Diseases of the Aorta,scovered incidentally on an imaging study or the development of an acute complication. When detected, both thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms should be followed carefully on serial imaging studies until large enough to merit intervention. In recent years, endovascular approaches have offered im

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Coeval

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