Titlebook: Longitudinal Endosonography; Atlas and Manual for T. R?sch,U. Will,K. J. Chang Book 2001 Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2001 Endosonogra

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Basic Principles and TechnologyUltrasound was introduced as a new tool in medical diagnosis in 1947. This technology is based on transmission of high-frequency sound waves or pressure waves through a medium. Unlike electromagnetic waves, sound waves cannot be transmitted through a vacuum or gas.

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IndicationsEndoscopic ultrasound is usually performed at the end of the diagnostic workup in order to answer one or more specific questions. Therefore, it is useful to be fully aware of the indications that are currently established (Table 2.1), those which are under investigation (Table 2.2), and those which are now obsolete (Table 2.3).

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Book 2001tumors and other diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract as well as of the pancreas. In this handbook, experts concentrate primarily on practical aspects of using endosonography with longitudinal scans. Examination techniques, interpretation of the ultrasound images, and normal anatomy with imp

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Examination Technique and General Principlesquencies between 7.5 and 12 MHz, thereby generating a point to point resolution of less than 2 mm. The penetration depth is limited to 3 to 5 cm, as high frequency scanners have the disadvantage of increased energy absorption by the scanned tissue compared to low frequency scanners.

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rasound images, and normal anatomy with important guiding structures are demonstrated by means of 3D CT images and the corresponding endosonographic images. In addition, pathological endosonographic findings and the current status of diagnosis using fine-needle biopsy are described.978-3-642-64005-6978-3-642-59516-5