Titlebook: Logic: Reference Book for Computer Scientists; The 2nd Revised, Mod Lech T. Polkowski Book 2023 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Autho

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978-3-031-42036-8The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerl

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Introduction: Prerequisites,In this chapter, we collect basic information on set theory, rewriting systems, computability, complexity, algebraic structures, topological structures, which will serve us in what follows as references.

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Sentential Logic (SL),Called also Propositional Logic/Calculus, or Sentential Calculus, this logic is concerned with sentences, i.e., statements for which the value can be assigned of truth or falsity.

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botany

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Temporal Logics for Linear and Branching Time and Model Checking,rary and future generations reflections on time. The Flood was perceived as a time related event: after it time begun anew, time as a main factor was mentioned in earliest philosophy, e.g., in philosophy of Heraclitus of Ephesus, time flows bringing cycles of opposites, life and death, way upward and way downward.