Titlebook: Local Anaesthesia in Dentistry; Jacques A. Baart,Henk S. Brand Book 2017Latest edition Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017

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Local Anaesthesia in the Upper Jaw, nerve leaves the neurocranium via the foramen rotundum, reaches the pterygopalatine fossa and runs straight through the infraorbital nerve, branching off many times along its course. With regard to local anaesthesia in the upper jaw, the following branches are of importance:

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Local Anaesthesia in the Lower Jaw,the mandibular canal, located centrally in the jaw bone. Adults require mandibular block anaesthesia for an effective anaesthesia. In the area of the lower canines and incisors, the cortical bone is thinner, and the roots lie on the buccal side of the jaw. Here, infiltration anaesthesia is effective.

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Pain and Impulse Conduction,According to the World Health Organization, pain is defined as an ‘unpleasant sensation that occurs from imminent tissue damage’. From a physiological perspective, pain is a warning system. During dental treatment, patients will experience pain as something unpleasant. Pain will also make it impossible for the dentist to work accurately.

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Anatomy of the Trigeminal Nerve,The trigeminal nerve is the fifth cranial nerve (n. V), which plays an important role in the innervation of the head and neck area, together with other cranial and spinal nerves. Knowledge of the nerve’s anatomy is very important for the correct application of local anaesthetics.

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