Titlebook: Liver Immunology; Principles and Pract M. Eric Gershwin,John M. Vierling,Michael P. Manns Book 20142nd edition Springer Science+Business Me

星球的光亮度

Hepatitis A: Immune Response and Virus Evolution,rimarily transmitted through the fecal–oral route [2]. The distribution of HA in different geographical areas of the world has been associated with socioeconomic development and access to clean water and sanitation [1–3]. The incidence of HAV infection is high in developing regions and low in develo

LAVA

Immunopathogenesis of Chronic Hepatitis B and the Clinical Events That Shape its Natural History,c infection [1, 2]. HBV is a major cause of chronic liver disease, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Chronic HBV infection is currently the most common risk factor for HCC worldwide, accounting for more than half of cases and resulting in significant morbidity and mortality [3, 4].

Offbeat

小步舞

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Primary Biliary Cirrhosis,on of small- and medium-sized intrahepatic bile ducts [1–3]. The first description of biliary cirrhosis, albeit possibly secondary, can be traced back to the work of the Italian pathologist Giovanni Battista Morgagni from Padua in 1761; the first report of nonobstructive biliary cirrhosis was by Add

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Anecdote

construct

The Diagnosis and Classification of Immune-Mediated Hepatic Diseases,mune homeostasis can lead to autoimmune diseases such as autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), and in the case of foreign antigens to chronic viral infections such as those produced by the hepatitis B and C viruses.

Mirage

Viral Diseases of the Liver,rs for the classic hepatotropic viruses are not indicative of an active infection [1]. In the present chapter, we review the clinical manifestations and the potential for immune-mediated liver injury associated with several of these viruses (see summary Table 11.2).

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