Titlebook: Life Concepts from Aristotle to Darwin; On Vegetable Souls Lucas John Mix Book 2018 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under

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Greek Life: , and Early Life-Conceptsfrom Homer, speaking of human life at its limits. Presocratic philosophers used the soul to make sense of the motion of living things, which is more complex than the motion of elements. They proposed both material and immaterial souls and debated whether one soul was enough to explain living things,

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Strangely Moved: Appetitive Souls in Platoattributing souls or soul aspects to each. The appetitive soul, present in all living things, drives desires of the flesh. The spirited soul, present in animals, allows them to move and be moved. The rational soul, present in humans, seeks wisdom and proportion. All three reflect a continuum connect

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Plants Versus Animals in Hellenistic Thoughto new systems. They focused on the vegetable/animal divide but favored some form of continuity running through all three categories. Epicureans and Stoics, along with contemporary physicians (e.g., Galen) focused on materialist accounts, while Neoplatonists favored vitalist accounts, built on partic

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The Breath of Life: , in Hebrew ScripturesGenesis, was translated as ., bringing together two different concepts of the soul. The Hebrew . occurred all animals, was clearly embodied, and not immortal. Ideas of resurrection did not develop in Hebrew thought until just before the common era. Philo tried to reconcile scriptural and Platonic ac

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