Titlebook: LAWS, LANGUAGE and LIFE; Howard Pattee’s clas Howard Hunt Pattee,Joanna R?czaszek-Leonardi Book 2012 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The

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最初

The Problem of Observables in Models of Biological Organizationsbserver-independent and the observables in physical theories are relatively simple compared with those of biological and social models. In spite of this relative simplicity of observables, experimental physicists must spend most of their efforts designing and constructing complex devices to ground t

Endemic

Causation, Control, and the Evolution of Complexityusation has a tortuous philosophical literature with no consensus in sight (e.g., Hart and Honoré 1958; Bunge 1959; Taylor 1972), and modern physics has little interest in the concept. Nevertheless, causation is so ingrained in both the syntax and semantics of our natural language that we usually fe

enormous

hematuria

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Postscript: Unsolved Problems and Potential Applications of Hierarchy Theory at conferences. Nevertheless, there is a common theme that runs through all the authors’ discussions, and partly because of their independent approaches we may hope this theme has a general significance for a theory of hierarchies.

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The Complementarity Principle in Biological and Social Structuresystems, are found to have the same epistemological basis as the concept of measurement in physics. The concepts of rate-dependent and rate-independent processes are proposed as a necessary distinction for applying the principle of complementarity to explanations of physical, biological and social sy

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eardrum

Cell Psychology: An Evolutionary Approach to the Symbol-Matter Problemon and the syntactic constraints of information processing for explanation of symbol-matter systems. This exercise is motivated by the belief that if we expect to get anywhere with the mind-body problem at the brain level, then our concepts must at least be adequate in scope and precision to explain

heterodox

Instabilities and Information in Biological Self-organizationn be functionally related, since the key process in morphogenesis is the harnessing of cellular dynamics by the informational constraints of the gene. This could arise if the triggering role of fluctuations could be displaced by informational constraints in the control of the dynamical behavior. How