Titlebook: Keratoconus; A Comprehensive Guid Edna Almodin,Belquiz Amaral Nassaralla,Jordana San Book 2022 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author

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GRAVE

Clinical Presentation and Evolution of Keratoconusgies. Irregular “scissor” reflex in retinoscopy, “oil droplet” reflex, Rizzuti’s sign, Munson’s sign, Vogt’s striae, and Fleischer’s ring are some of the clinical signs of keratoconus. It is usually diagnosed during the first or second decade of life and progresses until the third or fourth decade w

Myelin

Natural Progression of Keratoconusggest advancement beyond the natural history, and corneal crosslinking (CXL) is recommended to interrupt the progression if vision is 20/25 or worse. Besides, it is advised to consider CXL in patients under 18?years of age at diagnosis, given the progression speed in this group, if the vision is 20/

ALLEY

Prospective Biomarkers in Keratoconusd Cochrane Library) with the keywords “keratoconus; biomarkers, ocular allergy, matrix metalloproteinase, IgE, galectins, cytokines” for publications in the last 10?years. The author discusses biomarkers in keratoconus that can arise from ocular and skin allergy, eye friction, and clinical implicati

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