Titlebook: Japanese Government Leadership and Management; Charles F. Bingman Book 1989 Charles F. Bingman 1989 budget.government.management.Policy.pu

和音

Policy, Regulation, and Administrative Guidance,y for public policy formulation lies in the hands of the professional staffs of government agencies rather than in the legislative body. It is interesting to speculate whether the role of the professional public administrator would be as strong if Japan had not had a single ruling political party fo

GEN

抗生素

pancreas

Frequency-Range

The Culture of the Civil Service, appears to be a greater acceptance than in the United States that the administration of public programs is very important and that there should be a strong and effective career civil service to carry out that work. In other words, the Japanese are less inclined to believe that good public programs

JOG

contrast-medium

The Uses of Public Corporations and Public Enterprises, the same time, few could predict the exceedingly rapid growth and enormous success of Japanese industry and commerce, and public corporations were seen as a necessary way for government to forge ahead in areas where the private sector, for various reasons, was not expected to develop adequately.

激怒

Exercising Central Government Authority: the Ministry of Finance, professional staffs of the other ministries, primarily through its control of the budget. This influence also extends down into prefectures and municipalities because of the heavy flow of funds from the national government, all of which must be approved by the Ministry of Finance.

合法

The Concepts and Structure of Local Government,nt appointed by the Emperor and responsible to him. All local governments were supervised by the powerful Ministry of Home Affairs on most matters, and by other ministries (i.e. Transport, Education, Agriculture) where relevant.

Prostaglandins