Titlebook: Introduction to Topological Defects and Solitons; In Liquid Crystals, Jonathan V. Selinger Textbook 2024 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and

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Jonathan V. Selingerand the growing attraction of Western Europe and the EU on the other has also shaped the path to domestic socio-political reform in formerly Communist countries. Western ideas and institutions of liberal democracy and market economy have become major vehicles, promoting and directing the course of t

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Textbook 2024and materials science. It avoids the formal mathematics of topology, and instead concentrates on the physical properties of these topological structures...The first half of the book concentrates on fundamental principles of defects and solitons, and illustrates these principles with a single example

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3D Polar or Nematic Orderysical properties are much more complex. The chapter explains how these properties can be characterized in terms of the local tangent vector, local rotation vector, and other vectors and tensors. It also shows that disclinations have a biaxial nematic core structure, surrounded by the uniaxial nematic bulk.

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Defects in Crystalsg how they are both analogous to the defects in previous chapters. It shows that a dislocation is a dipole of two opposite disclinations, and uses this concept to explain the KTHNY theory of 2D melting. Finally, it discusses how both dislocations and disclinations are coupled with curvature of flexible membranes.

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