Titlebook: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence; Wolfgang Ertel Textbook 2025Latest edition The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under

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Introduction,ions arise such as “.?”, “.?”, or “.?”. All these questions are meaningful when trying to understand artificial intelligence. However, the central question for the engineer, especially for the computer scientist, is the question of the intelligent machine that behaves like a person, showing intelligent behavior.

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Limitations of Logic,Until the end of the twentieth century, many logicians believed that theorem provers for first-order logic will be the major component of intelligent agents. Almost all successful modern AI applications however use different formalisms. This is due to some severe problems with first-order logic that we will explain in this chapter.