Titlebook: Israel‘s Technology Economy; Origins and Impact David Rosenberg Book 2018 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2018 Agriculture.

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The Enterprise as Product, conducive environment. Technology entrepreneurs are supported by a well-developed network of financial, institutional, and governmental supports buttressed by the country’s reputation as “Start-Up Nation.” The industry’s current strengths are in defense-related technologies, especially cybersecurit

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,Human Capital—Tangibles,s tangible, measured by the country’s achievements in education and science, and the other comprises intangible factors bound up in culture. Regarding the first, Israelis are highly educated by global standards and are among the world leaders in knowledge economy benchmarks such aspatents filed. But

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,Human Capital—Intangibles, In Israel’s case, these intangibles are arguably more central than its formal achievements in creating the high-tech start-up sector at the heart of Israel’s knowledge economy. They include a strong distaste for organization, hierarchy, and rules; a propensity for risk-taking; a highly developed cu

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Inequality,inequality and poverty have grown to the point where Israel has among the highest rates in the developed world. Education and army service, both keys to social mobility in Israel, often fail to serve lower-income groups. Like in other developed countries, growing inequality and poverty came hand in

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,Outsiders I—Israeli Arabs,o increasingly rely on them for its labor pool. This poses serious problems for the economy, especially for the high-tech sector industry at its core: Israeli Arabs have far lower rates of education than other Israelis, and they have traditionally lived apart from mainstream Israeli society. Israeli

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,Outsiders II—The Ultra-Orthodox,edge economy. Ultra-Orthodox Jews are much poorer than other Israelis, and their schools are dedicated to teaching religious texts rather than imparting the skills needed to work in a knowledge economy. Moreover, the ultra-Orthodox ideal is that men continue their studies far into adulthood. The res

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Conclusions,se of its knowledge economy, which requires improving its schools, integrating its Arab and ultra-Orthodox Jewish minorities, and ensuring that the political environment remains open and pluralistic. Based on its small size and resources available to it, Israel should widen its knowledge economy to

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