Titlebook: Introduction to Gauge Field Theories; Masud Chaichian,Nikolai F. Nelipa Textbook 1984 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1984 Mathematica.P

Mhc-Molecule

Quantum ElectrodynamicsQuantum electrodynamics describing the electromagnetic interaction between leptons and photons is characterized by the Lagrangian (5.1.7).

吹牛大王

Weak InteractionsWeak interactions of . are described in the standard model by the Lagrangians (6.1.13) and (6.1.15) and those of . by the Lagrangians (6.3.5) and (6.3.7).

對手

Higher Orders in Perturbation TheoryIn the previous chapters, our consideration of the processes caused by the electromagnetic and the weak interactions was confined to the first non-vanishing order of perturbation theory. The present chapter deals with higher orders of perturbation theory.

傲慢物

Quantum Chromodynamics. Perturbation TheoryIn quantum chromodynamics, hadrons are considered to be bound-states of quarks. Interactions with a hadron reduce to interactions with its quark constituents. Strong interactions between quarks are mediated by . — the gauge fields of the colour group .. The coloured .-symmetry is considered ., and therefore the gluon mass is zero.

Exuberance

爆米花

Spontaneous Symmetry-Breaking fields are relevant. Just adding a mass term to the Lagrangian for the gauge field is not allowed since it would lead to the violation of the gauge-invariance of the Lagrangian. Therefore, a different approach has been proposed in which gauge fields acquire a mass by breaking of the gauge-invarianc

巧辦法

NIP

Covariant Perturbation Theorytions of a system of initially free particles into a final system of free particles. As shown in Sect. 1.1, such transitions are described by the matrix elements of the S-matrix. Therefore, we shall find in this chapter an expression for the ., or for the . between two states, in terms of the path i

Hearten

hermetic

Dynamical Structure of Hadronsc region an interesting and important property referred to as .. It is this property whose discovery gave a strong impact on the development of contemporary views on the .. The above processes will be given here a detailed analysis.