Titlebook: Introduction to Digital Navigation; Including Fundamenta Alexander Arnfinn Olsen Book 2024 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s),

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Alexander Arnfinn Olsenough agent-based modeling of subjective signals and responseThis book integrates current advances in biology, economics of information and linguistics research through applications using agent-based modeling and social network analysis to develop scenarios of communication and language emergence in

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978-3-031-47492-7The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerl

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Geodesyd longitude. The shape of the Earth was also discussed. This chapter takes the discussion further, by introducing the concept of geodesy, and how the science of geodesy materially affects the way that mariners navigate at sea.

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Projections and GridsEarth model, for example, is mathematically perfectly suited to navigational calculations, but to physically display a portion of the Earth’s surface a projection is required. This chapter describes the conceptual underpinnings of projections in general, before introducing the projections most likely to be encountered at sea.

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Internal Aids to Navigation and Systemsed to as the ‘internal’ navaids to distinguish them from the aids to navigation found external to the ship such as buoys, lighthouse, and beacons. This chapter describes the basic theory underpinning the operation the major systems which the navigator can expect to encounter.