Titlebook: International Relations; A Concise Introducti Michael Nicholson Textbook 1998Latest edition Michael Nicholson 1998 Cold War.economy.environ

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The Global Political Economy,ernational relations. To define the subject as concerned with just these is to be unduly restrictive. Clearly international interactions involve far more than this. Further, it is far from clear that even if the centre of our interest is the state and military security, they can be understood purely

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Security, Violence and the Military,tion or creation of security is at the heart of what many social scientists in all branches study. Human beings invented tools from an early stage and tools have enabled us to live the life we do. Unfortunately the military tool is the weapon. Thus human beings find it comparatively easy to kill eac

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The Global Environment,ld. It did not matter very much how much mess they made except very locally. Its impact was too small to make much difference. In 1750, just before the Industrial Revolution was getting well under way in Britain, the world population is estimated to have been 800 million. Pollution, though severe lo

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Moral Issues in International Relations,d very severely, often with death. However, the killing of opponents in warfare is widely regarded as noble. The warrior has been venerated in most societies, even relatively peaceful ones. But this seems to involve a contradiction. Both involve the deliberate killing of other people. The only diffe

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States, Nations and Governments,ment. Formally, in the state system, all states are fully sovereign in that no authority takes precedence over them in their territories (though this is modified in the case of the European Union. See Chapter 3). This view is known as the . which is discussed in more detail in Chapter 6.

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The Global Political Economy,view is now open to doubt. The economic system is believed to be much more intertwined with the political and international system than was earlier thought. They are more appropriately thought of as a single system. However, the aim of this chapter is not just to provide an elaboration of realism. I

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The Global Environment,efore the Industrial Revolution. However, the overall pattern of the world’s climate had remained substantially unaffected by the activities of human beings throughout most of history. There are now over six billion people (that is, 6000 million) and the story is totally different. The inputs and ou

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Michael Nicholsonndogenous toxins may be of pathogenic importance in PD. Whether such pathophysiological considerations involve peripheral dopamine or catecholaminergic systems (e.g. the sympatho-adrenal medullary function) is uncertain and requires further experimental studies.