Titlebook: Interferon: The 50th Anniversary; Paula M. Pitha Book 2007 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Spr

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The Interferon-Stimulated Genes: Targets of Direct Signaling by Interferons, Double-Stranded RNA, anh, in turn, blocks virus replication by inducing the expression of antiviral proteins encoded by interferon-stimulated genes. It is not widely appreciated that without the participation of interferon, many of the same genes can also be induced by a variety of virus-related agents, such as double-str

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Structure and Function of the Protein Kinase Ration activates PKR, which in turn arrests protein synthesis by phosphorylating the α subunit of the translation initiation factor eIF2. As well as dsRNA, two additional ligands, PACT and heparin, directly activate the kinase. These mediate the response of PKR to additional indirect stimuli, includi

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Viral Regulation and Evasion of the Host Responsen by binding to the IFNα/β receptors on the cell surface, with the major effect of triggering the JAK-STAT signaling cascade and inducing the expression of interferon-stimulated genes. The resulting innate antiviral response is a first line of immune defense against virus infection. Recent studies d

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