Titlebook: Interaction Between Neurons and Glia in Aging and Disease; Jo?o O. Malva,Ana Cristina Rego,Catarina R. Olivei Book 2007 Springer-Verlag US

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Subventricular Zone Cells as a Tool for Brain Repairal progenitors, offering promising perspectives for future cell-based therapies. Many factors able to modulate neuronal production have been identified but efficient differentiation into specific neuronal phenotypes is still a challenge. Animal models of brain diseases have been used in neuronal rep

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Neurotrophin Signaling and Cell Survivalcal functions are mediated by two distinct families of receptors, the Trk receptor tyrosine kinases (TrkA, TrkB and TrkC) and the p75 neurotrophin receptors (p75NTR with different signaling activity. Both receptor types convey trophic signals, but p75NTR activation may also cause apoptotic cell deat

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GDNF: a Key Player in Neuron-Glia Crosstalk and Survival of Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neuronsn Parkinson’s disease (PD). In animal models of PD, GDNF delivery has been shown to both protect dopaminergic neurons against toxin-induced injury and to rescue damaged neurons, promoting recovery of the motor deficit. GDNF may act both as a target-derived neurotrophic factor in the striatum, and as

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Molecular Pathways of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neurodegeneration: the Paradigms of Parkinson’s aracellular calcium homeostasis, and producers of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondria also regulate cell death, marking the point of no return in necrosis and apoptosis. Many evidences have been raised implicating mitochondria defects as crucial mechanisms in the pathogenesis of se

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Zinc Homeostasis and Brain Injurye brain is regulated through highly dynamic pathways and is deeply connected with other major signaling pathways, such as NO- and MAP kinase-dependent systems. Zn2+ signaling in neurons and glia also interplays with proton and Ca2+ homeostasis. Zn2+ appears to promote injury with greater potency com

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Aging and Cognitive Decline: Neuroprotective Strategiesable to reverse or prevent neuronal damage. Neuroprotective strategies have been classified according to the mechanisms of neuronal death, and this chapter will deal mainly with neuroinflammation and related processes that occur in aging, cognitive decline, and dementia. The evidence for inflammator

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Neuroinflammation and Excitotoxicity in Neurobiology of HIV-1 Infection and AIDS: Targets for Neuropfected peripheral immune-competent cells, in particular macrophages, appear to infiltrate the central nervous system (CNS) and provoke a neuropathological and inflammatory response involving all cell types in the brain. In fact, HIV-1 seems to enter the brain very soon after infection and can subseq