Titlebook: Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis; V. K. Ahluwalia Textbook 2023 The Author(s) 2023 Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis.Chro

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Paper Chromatography phase in paper chromatography is a liquid, ., water (adsorbed on cellulose of the Whatman filter paper) and the moving phase (known as irrigant) is also a liquid, which may be a solvent or mixture of solvents. Paper chromatography is a type of partition chromatography (partition between two liquid

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Thin Layer Chromatographyon a glass plate and hence the name thin layer chromatography. The moving phase may be a pure solvent or a mixture of solvents. Commonly used adsorbents are silica gel and alumina. The strength of the layer is increased by addition of a small amount of calcium sulphate.

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Ion exchange Chromatography chromatography is useful for the separation of inorganic anions and cations. This type of chromatography is based on the exchange of ions in the stationary phase. A special use of ion chromatography is in the separation of amino acids, since these contain both cationic and anionic components

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Thermogravimetric Analysisn the substance undergoing physical or chemical changes. All changes are accompanied by the absorption or release of energy in the form of heat. The changes may involve gain or loss of weight or changes in thermomechanical or electrical conductivity. These changes are characteristic of the material

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Thermometric Titrations conditions. Normally all chemical reactions are accompanied by a heat change. The course of the reaction is followed by observing the heat liberated. The titration is carried out manually in a Dewar flask. Thus, addition of hydrochloric acid from a thermostated burette to solution of sodium hydroxi

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Column ChromatographyIn column chromatography, the stationary phase is a solid and the mobile phase is a liquid. The stationary phase (known as adsorbent) is packed in a glass tube, which is called the column and hence the name column chromatography.

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