Titlebook: Immunotherapy; Aung Naing,Joud Hajjar Book 2021Latest edition The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to

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Immunotherapy-Mediated Luminal Gastrointestinal Toxicities, and survival. As beneficial as these class of drugs have been proven to be, their use is not devoid of complications, viz., immune-related adverse events (irAEs). The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the second most frequently affected organ system, and toxicities may vary in severity from mild disea

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Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Adverse Events,atment selection and survival..Hepatotoxicity is a well-recognized immune-related adverse event (irAE) associated with treatment with ICI. It is considered a type of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Depending on the specific ICI and whether the patient receives single- or dual-drug therapy, the inc

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scotoma

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Adrenaline

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Neurologic Toxicities of Immunotherapy,f growing spectrum of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) due to cross-reactivity between the tumor and normal host tissue. These adverse events can happen in any organ and range from mild to severe and even life-threatening conditions. While neurological irAEs associated with immune checkpoint in

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Anusha S. Thomas,Yinghong Wang This tissue is highly vascularised and responsible for nutrient supply and waste removal. In addition, it contains an immune system as a defence against invading bacteria. Nevertheless, penetration of cariogenic bacteria can lead to necrosis of the tissue and blood vessels. Although current endodon

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