Titlebook: Immunology and Developmental Biology of the Chicken; Olli Vainio,Beat A. Imhof Book 1996 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s),

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T Cell Receptors and T Cell Development,ed to some of the central tenets in immunology. These include:(1) allorecognition by lymphocytes in graft-vs-host (GVH) reactions (. 1985), (2) clonal reactivity of immunocompetent lymphocytes (. 1957), (3) the separate differentiation pathways of T and B cells which cooperate in immune responses (.

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,Chicken γδ T Cells,9). A wealth of information about the αβ T cell population and its function was available before the genes for the αβ TCR were cloned. Studies of the αβ TCR repertoire and gene expression then helped elucidate molecular mechanisms for generating diversity of the αβ T cell repertoire and the nature o

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,T Cell Subsets and the Activation of γδ T Cells,lls express either CD4 or CD8. The CD4. αβ T cells function as helper T cells, recognizing antigens in a MHC class II-restricted way and producing cytokines upon activation (. et al. 1988). The αβ T cells expressing CD8 are poor producers of cytokines but exhibit T cell receptor (TCR)-dependent cyto

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T Cell Migration During Ontogeny and T Cell Repertoire Generation,t could be converted into lymphocytes under the influence of surrounding mesenchymal tissue (. 1961). Evidence obtained later indicated that embryonic yolk sac contains the precursors of lymphoid cells (. and . 1967). Yolk sac stem cells at the first and second day of embryonation (E1–2) were then s

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The Avian Model in the Study of Tolerance to Self,e thymus. During their intrathymic phase of differentiation, they acquire receptors (T cell receptors, TCRs) which enable them to recognize self-peptides in the context of self-MHC antigens (see . 1994 for review). The generally accepted view is that T cells potentially harmful to the individual, be

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Avian Natural Killer Cells,lly infected cells and tumor cells (reviewed in . 1989; . et al. 1988). This unique function and its evolutionary conservation led to the classification of NK cells as part of the innate immune system. Recently, renewed interest in NK cells has lead to better understanding of NK cell phenotype, cyto

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Chicken MHC Molecules, Disease Resistance and the Evolutionary Origin of Birds,d functions. However, the MHC was discovered and is presently defined by the presence of two multigene families with some highly polymorphic (that is, multiallelic) members. These encode the so-called classical class I and class II cell surface glycoproteins that bind antigenic peptides and present

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Acute Avian Leukemia Viruses as Tools to Study Hematopoietic Cell Differentiation,ages, each with a unique function and each expressing a unique complement of proteins enabling them to carry out these functions. In adult vertebrates, multipotent hematopoietic precursors reside within the microenvironment of the bone marrow where they undergo a progressive maturation and commitmen