Titlebook: Immunocytochemical Methods and Protocols; Lorette C. Javois Book 19951st edition Humana Press 1995

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Processing of Cytological Specimens,nclude blood smears, aspirates, and swabs from any cellular site. Each sample is treated differently, and yet all the methods are interchangeable. There is no one way in which to prepare these types of cell samples for immunocytochemical analysis. This chapter will deal with the most common forms of

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Processing of Tissue-Culture Cells,s of cell culture that conditions can be manipulated in order to examine living cells and to understand better their behavior (.). The fact that transformed or malignant cells grow very nicely in rather simple conditions of chemical formulation make these cells ideal laboratories in which to study c

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Overview of Fluorophores,tibody to antigen. Fluorescent molecules, termed fluorophores or fluorochromes, can be conjugated directly to antibodies by covalent linkage, or coupled indirectly to antibodies via conjugation to proteins A and G or through an avidin-biotin bridge (..,.,., and .). The basic features of immunofluore

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Direct Immunofluorescent Labeling of Cells,gated antibody (., .). Although this was not the first published report of a chemically modified antibody, it was the first time the antibody was used as a tool to examine an antigen . Shortly thereafter, this method was adapted, giving rise to the indirect labeling technique (.). Rather than conjug

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Fluorescence Labeling of Intracellular Antigens of Attached or Suspended Tissue-Culture Cells,on a substratum, the cell’s cytoplasm can be spread over a large surface area, resulting in a thin, broad cytoplasmic layer. In this layer, optical methods can resolve details in much the same way as can be accomplished by sectioning of embedded cells, but without the need for embedding and sectioni

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Fluorescent Labeling of Surface or Intracellular Antigens in Whole-Mounts,the peripheral nervous system. Tissues were either viewed directly, if sufficiently thin, or further separated into layers by acid maceration (.). Initially, histochemical staining, particularly methylene blue (.), was applied to whole-mounts to characterize neuronal cell types, distributions, and i

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Overview of Antigen Detection Through Enzymatic Activity,n with the peroxidase enzyme rather than with a fluorescent compound (.). The difficulty with this approach lies in attaching a relatively large molecule, like an enzyme, to another large molecule, like an immunoglobulin, with neither molecule losing the ability to function. In this case, labeling c

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ith uniform velocity. These formulae had been developed previously in Chapter 3, from Coulomb’s law taking the transformations of the theory of special relativity as axiomatic. This approach is the reverse of the historical approach. The theory of special relativity evolved from classical optics and