Titlebook: Immune Strategies for Gastrointestinal Cancer; Markus Moehler,Friedrich Foerster Book 2023 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s)

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An Overview of the Tumor Microenvironment and Response to Immunotherapy in Gastrointestinal Malignanact and the secretion of soluble immunomodulatory factors. In cancer, the tumor microenvironment is increasingly being recognized as a key mediator of these interactions. The tumor microenvironment consists of a diverse milieu of malignant and stromal cells that typically constitute the tissue, as w

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Approach to Immunotherapy in Oesophageal Cancerar with chemotherapy. There have been several trials utilising anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1) therapy in an attempt to improve the outcomes of oesophageal cancer. Modest activity has been demonstrated in single-agent anti-PD-1 therapy in pre-treated oesophageal squamous cell carcin

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Perspective on the Immunotherapy of Esophageal Canceron can be found in the composition of the tumor immune microenvironment, which is characterized by immune cell exclusion, infiltration of immune suppressive macrophages, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and stromal factors that suppress local immunity. Improving success of immune checkpoint inh

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