Titlebook: Image: An Integrated Model to Assess the Greenhouse Effect; Jan Rotmans Book 1990 Kluwer Academic Publishers 1990 agriculture.biosphere.ca

DEBT

鳴叫

灌溉

The Methane Module, concentration of about 1.7 . (Khalil and Rasmussen, 1987). The anthropogenic sources of methane, such as cattle breeding, rice cultivation and the exploitation of fossil fuels have grown over the last centuries, whereas the natural emissions are assumed to have remained unchanged (Khalil and Rasmussen, 1982, and 1985).

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stressors

General Introduction,nd returned to the earth. This phenomenon is called the greenhouse effect, inducing an average temperature of the earth at the surface of +15 . rather than the -18 . it would have without the heat trapping. This greenhouse effect is essential for the existence of life on earth, having made it possible for millions of years.

maculated

The N2O Module,e beginning of this century to 1.3% in the last 10 years. The current average concentration of N.O is about 0.308 . and is increasing at about 0.2 to 0.3 percent a year (0.18- -0.26% according to Lyon et al., 1989). For N.O a simple one-box emissions and concentration module has been implemented.

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Temperature Increasing Potential,tential (ODP). To obtain the relationship between an emission and its associated effect on temperature both the model approach (IMAGE) and the analytical approach is used. Furthermore, both approaches are compared to previous efforts to determine relative greenhouse gas potentials.

Phagocytes

Discussion,erive sets of allowable emissions from certain targets for climate impacts. It also enables scientists working in the field of climate change to put their efforts in a wider perspective. The model can easily be adapted to changed or increased knowledge.

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General Model description of IMAGE,dy of the literature and knowledge transfer resulting from consultations with specialist experts. In this way the problem could be dealt with via a multi-disciplinary approach, combining different fields of research.

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The CFCs Module,nd halons. The regulating mechanism includes an ultimate freeze of 50% in 2000, whereas developing countries are allowed to increase their production, and not all ozone depleting substances are regulated.