Titlebook: Hydro Saline Metabolism; Epidemiology, Geneti Massimiliano Caprio,Fabio Luiz Fernandes-Rosa Reference work 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland

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Hydro-saline Alterations in Central Adrenal Insufficiency,luding both isolated ACTH deficiency and CAI in the context of combined pituitary hormonal deficiency (CPHD). Hyponatremia in CAI patients is usually mild, mainly asymptomatic, and more likely occurs in elderly patients, although careful evaluations should be performed in patients with acute hyponat

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Rare Forms of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Affecting Electrolyte Homeostasis,urthermore, the loss of function of 11-B-hydroxylase leads to no production of glucocorticoids and an excess of mineralocorticoids and androgens..The severity of these defects varies depending on the specific mutation carried by each individual, resulting in a wide range of manifestations that can p

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Mineralocorticoid Resistance,PHA1 are associated with malformations in the urinary tract and/or urinary tract infections. PHA1 is a major differential diagnosis for salt wasting syndromes occurring in the first weeks after birth. The knowledge of its genetic background and pathophysiology may improve the early recognition of th

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Primary Aldosteronism,nt mouse models has also contributed to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of PA. Finally, the use of multiomics signatures combined with machine learning appears to be a promising new tool for improving the diagnosis and management of endocrine hypertensi

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Hydrosaline Alterations in Cushing Disease, increased mortality in patients with Cushing’s syndrome: therefore, treatment must be initiated early and primarily involves the resolution of hypercortisolism through surgery and eventually cortisol-lowering medical therapy; if the regression of hypertension is not achieved, adjuvant antihypertens

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a functionally important amino group in the antigen-binding region of an antibody causes impairment or loss of the antigen binding function, resulting in a defective antibody conjugate that lacks one of its component functions. Furthermore, even if the chemical derivatization does not affect the an