Titlebook: Hybrid Sovereignty in the Arab Middle East; The Cases of Kuwait, Gokhan Bacik Book 2008 Gokhan Bacik 2008 Electoral.minority.sovereignty.st

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Introduction,he expansion of the modern state system in Arab countries caused great changes. Many Western institutions and forms were brought into the region, mainly by colonial rule and Ottoman modernization. The historical Arab region was reinvented in the Western image. A Western understanding of sovereignty was imported into it.

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Hybrid Sovereignty in the Arab Middle East978-0-230-61034-7Series ISSN 2945-7033 Series E-ISSN 2945-7041

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Book 2008This book provides readers with a fresh analysis of the Arab state by using a new theoretical framework: hybrid sovereignty. The author?examines various areas to make his argument: citizenship, the issue of minorities, electoral engineering, the failure of central rule, tribalism, and the lack of impersonal bureaucratic mechanism.

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Kuwait: A Nation in the Minority, ill health, such a step was unprecedented not only in Kuwait but region-wide. In 2005 parliament enfranchised women and declared them eligible to stand for parliamentary office. Both events can be read as important milestones in the realization of modern statehood. However, such formal legislative events do not give the full political picture.

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Book 2016els. The techniquesused and combined in the proposed method are modular neural networks (MNNs)with a Granular Computing (GrC) approach, thus resulting in a new concept ofMNNs; modular granular neural networks (MGNNs). In addition fuzzy logic (FL)and hierarchical genetic algorithms (HGAs) are techniq