Titlebook: Hooligans, Ultras, Activists; Polish Football Fand Rados?aw Kossakowski Book 2021 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under ex

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,Fandom and Identity: From Individual Engagement to the Meaning of ‘We’,tire community. This is also confirmed by comments from female fans, who are assigned traditionally perceived roles, like looking after children during matches, and do not engage in ‘tough’ duties (e.g. fights).

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,Activism, Collective Action and Supporters’ Associations,emorations of historical events and rescuing failing clubs. Explaining their motivation for activism, the respondents indicated such factors as the intention to demonstrate the positive side of fan activity and to break the stereotype of the ‘hooligan’, to use the potential of the group, to work for

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Professional Fights, Pacts and Ways of Conduct: The Hermetic World of Polish Hooligans,ation’ of hooliganism: engagement in martial arts on the one hand, and criminal activity on the other. Promotion in hooligan hierarchy is intrinsically linked to personal trust and commitment to the goals of the group. Many hooligan formations have become criminal groups involved in drug trafficking, racketeering and smuggling.

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Ultras: The Performative Dimension of Fandom,udy also presents the most important categories of content they display, including political, cultural and identity threads. The chapter also explains the custom of seizing flags and choreographies by rival fans, which is important for the identity of supporters as these objects are endowed with ‘holy’ meaning.

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Rados?aw KossakowskiProvides the first ever research-based monograph dedicated to an in-depth ethnography of fandom in one of the biggest countries in Eastern Europe.Investigates the internal transformation of fan cultur