Titlebook: High Altitude; Human Adaptation to Erik R. Swenson,Peter B?rtsch Book 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 Acute Mountain Si

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Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of O2 Sensing,crease in ROS generation under low O. conditions are not fully understood, these signals appear to originate from complex III of the electron transport chain. The responses regulated by this mechanism include the stabilization of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α and the acute vasoconstrictor response to

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Cellular and Molecular Defenses Against Hypoxia,ivery to the tissue. This is achieved by improving the oxygen transport capacity by increasing haemoglobin and red blood cell mass. Furthermore, long-term adaptation includes the remodelling of existing vessels as well as the formation of new vessels to increase blood and concurrently oxygen supply.

Implicit

Control of Breathing,to augment during the next days–weeks. This adaptive change is thought to underlie VAH and is caused by many plastic morphological and biochemical changes in both the carotid bodies and the central nervous system. An important orchestrator of these plastic changes is the transcription factor, hypoxi

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Pulmonary Circulation,pulmonale or acute right heart failure of high altitude”. With longer durations of high pressure in the pulmonary circulation there can be within days sufficient remodelling of the vasculature to protect the pulmonary capillaries, hence avoid HAPE, and within weeks compensatory changes in the right

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Cerebral Circulation and Brain,llowed by the major factors which regulate cerebral blood flow (CBF) are initially presented in order to emphasize the integrated mechanisms by which CBF is controlled. Next, detailed discussion is provided to examine the influence of exposure to high-altitude exposure on these aforementioned mechan

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Cardiac

Immune System,ively, and the central role of hypoxia inducible factor(s) (HIF) in these changes, how the central nervous system (CNS) contributes particularly to the adaptive immune responses at high altitude, and how these responses affect aspects of defense against pathogens, vaccine effectiveness, and immunosu

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