Titlebook: Hepatitis Delta Virus; John L. Casey Book 2006 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer-Verlag

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HDV RNA Replication: Ancient Relic or Primer?,RNA template during its life cycle. Both processes are carried out by RNA-dependent RNA synthesis despite the fact that HDV does not encode an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP). Cellular RNA polymerase II has long been implicated in these processes. Recent findings, however, have shown that the sy

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RNA Editing in Hepatitis Delta Virus,the process known as HDV RNA editing, which requires particular structural features in the HDV antigenome, and a host RNA editing enzyme, ADAR1. During replication, the adenosine at the amber/W site in theHDV antigenome is edited to inosine. As a result, the amber stop codon in the hepatitis delta a

enormous

Post-translational Modification of Delta Antigen of Hepatitis D Virus,reading frame is extended 19 amino acids at the carboxyl terminus and encodes the large delta antigen. These two viral proteins escort the HDV genome through different cellular compartments for the complicated phases of replication, transcription and, eventually, the formation of progeny virions. To

SOBER

The Role of the HBV Envelope Proteins in the HDV Replication Cycle,d into permissive cells, the HDV RNA genome replicates and associates with multiple copies of the HDV-encoded proteins to assemble a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex. The mechanism necessary to export the RNP fromthe cell is provided by the HBV envelope proteins, which have the capacity to assemble l

Arteriography

Prenylation of HDAg and Antiviral Drug Development,V infections. Research into the molecular virology of the HDV life cycle has revealed a fascinating collection of biology. These insights are now beginning to be translated into new potential treatment strategies. For example, an essential step in the virus assembly process involves the post-transla

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Hepatitis Delta Virus Genetic Variability: From Genotypes I, II, III to Eight Major Clades?,e HDV genome is composed of a compact circular single-stranded negative RNA genome with extensive intramolecular complementarity. Along with epidemiological, geographic distribution and pathological patterns, the variability of HDV has been limited to three genotypes and two subtypes that have been

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Functional and Clinical Significance of Hepatitis D Virus Genotype II Infection,tion to cirrhosis and liver failure. HDV was classified into three genotypes. Recent molecular phylogenetic analysis of HDV suggests at least seven major clades. The genotype IHDV is widely spread, genotype II is found in East Asia and genotype III HDV is prevalent in South America. The genomic size

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Immunology of HDV Infection,. A strong antibody response is mounted, which persists for many years; however, it is not able to modulate the course of infection. In most cases the superinfection takes a chronic course. In patients with inactive disease (HDV PCR negative) an oligospecific T-helper cell immune response and a cyto

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