Titlebook: Helicobacter pylori; Nayoung Kim Book 20161st edition The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer

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Specific Conditions: Diagnosis of , Infection in Case of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding diseases. There are several tests for detection of . with variable levels of sensitivity and specificity, and upper GI bleeding would reduce sensitivity. In case of upper GI bleeding, .C-UBT urea breath test is more sensitive than tests with biopsied mucosa such as rapid urease test, histological test or culture study.

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Immunological Reactions on , Infectionistinctive tissues of B cell, T cell, and phagocytes. The purpose of GALT is to maintain stomach homeostasis via interaction between immune and nonimmune mechanisms. Actually stomach immune mechanism is mostly about . (.). Long-term . proliferation indicates failure of gastric immune mechanisms that

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Host Factor: Genetic Polymorphismphisms in these genes are associated with individual differences in cytokine messenger RNA levels, which result in different gastric mucosal inflammation, different acid inhibition, and different gastroduodenal disease risks in response to . infection. Of the inflammatory cytokines, polymorphisms re

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Serologyic ulcer or taking medications like antibiotics. In addition, it performs mass epidemiological survey simultaneously. However, it is not recommended for monitoring changes after antimicrobial treatment because this diagnosis hardly differentiates past . (.) infection and current active infection. Th

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