Titlebook: Hate Speech in Social Media; Linguistic Approache Isabel Ermida Book 2023 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive

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Humorous Use of Figurative Language in Religious Hate Speechs. In doing this, we focus on the religious domain, as this is a kind of discourse which engenders strong emotions. We hypothesise that metaphors and humour carry an important role in moderating the hateful nature of comments through creating and expanding on humorous images, using exaggeration, iro

ambivalence

Rhetorical Questions as Conveyors of Hate Speechpublic domains. This is in large part due to social media which on the one hand facilitate, among other things, anonymity and by extension impunity from prosecution. It is in such a context that the language of hate reproduces itself in various shapes and forms. The present study puts under scrutiny

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Enabling Concepts in Hate Speech: The Function of the Apartheid Analogy in Antisemitic Online Discouh their broad social acceptability facilitate or legitimate the articulation of concepts which can be more directly classed as hate speech. We argue that each distinct hate ideology will contain its own, partly overlapping set of ‘enabling concepts.’ In this chapter, we will focus on the enabling ro

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Hate Speech in Poland in the Context of the War in Ukraineis termed in Russia “a special military operation.” However, it is meant in the first place as theoretical discourse on hate speech as a social and linguistic phenomenon, with the aim to establish if or to what extent the material examined meets its controversial criteria. The intuitive negativity o

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Stance-Taking and Gender: Hateful Representations of Portuguese Women Public Figures in the NETLANG on consistent stancetaking devices of misalignment and opposition from which patterns of gendered hateful discourse derive. The methodology is eminently qualitative aiming at discerning different terminologies (hate speech, misogynistic language, verbal aggression, anti-social discourse, impolitenes

ARC

Negotiating Hate and Conflict in Online Comments: Evidence from the NETLANG Corpusation between the cluster of related concepts ranging from anti-social discourse, hate and aggressive speech, to conflict talk. It adopts a sociopragmatic conception of conflict talk as a multi-dimensional phenomenon with several key elements (structure, form, interaction, meaning) and draws on a fr

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