Titlebook: Handbook of Science and Technology Convergence; William Sims Bainbridge,Mihail C. Roco Living reference work 20200th edition

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Convergence-Divergence Process,ientific convergence, technology integration, and divergence of knowledge and applications into new fields. This cycle brings about synergism, which stimulates further discovery and innovation. The convergence–divergence cycle is a typical process in science and technology (S&T) development. It cons

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NBIC,rocess in the first part of the twenty-first century is the convergence and emergence of four foundational and transformational S&T fields, briefly called nano-, bio-, information, and cognitive (NBIC) technologies. Each of these four foundational S&T fields (a) has a basic building block, that is,

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Cognitive Technology,ecade of the Brain” in the 1980s led to the grassroots movement, “Decade of the Mind,” in the first decade of the twenty-first century and most recently the White House BRAIN initiative (Sacktor 1996; Albus et al. 2007; Alivisatos et al. 2012). This public awareness was not always so. Indeed, scient

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Nanotechnology-Neuroscience Convergence, in science and technology. They also provided a list of 20 visionary ideas for the next 10–30 years. According to their ideas, in the next 20 years, we expect to have humanlike intelligent robots, smartphones with real-time language translating function, and pocket-sized supercomputers through the

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Services Science and Societal Convergence, the next great swing of the pendulum back (1) from increasing individual specialization with reintegration at the societal level (2) to a better balance of specialization and reintegration at all levels of society. Service science is an emerging transdiscipline for the (1) study of evolving ecology