Titlebook: Handbook of Open, Distance and Digital Education; Olaf Zawacki-Richter (Editor-in-Chief),Insung Jung Living reference work‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘ 20220th

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Online Infrastructures for Open Educational Resources,nitiatives, and sociocultural aspects, among others. In addition to revisiting the conception and adoption of OER in different cultures, important topics to be further addressed by future ODDE research are presented.

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The Borderless Market for Open, Distance, and Digital Education,lity), quality assurance, regulation, privacy, and security remain central to areas of concern in the ODDE marketplace. Despite these concerns, across all educational sectors, the forging of partnerships within and across borders is enabling reskilling and upskilling of the labor force and advancing

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in total, two section at each of the three levels: 1) Macro Level – ODDE Systems and Theories, 2) Meso Level - Institutional Perspectives, Management and Organization, and 3) Micro Level – Learning and Teaching in ODDE..This is an open access book..978-981-19-0351-9

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Open Education as Social Movement? Between Evidence-Based Research and Activism,ensions, activities, and perspectives. Social movement theory is used to discuss along the dimensions of conflict and protest, cultural representation, values and collective action, and the influence of the social, political, and cultural context. Accordingly, epistemic communities are proposed as an alternative development direction for the field.

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Introduction to History, Theory, and Research in ODDE,search and practice covered in the Handbook. It is argued that lack of historical knowledge about ODDE, unawareness of ODDE theories, and negligence of the abundant research literature on ODDE have contributed to the marginalization of and prejudice against the field in the wider education eco-syste

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