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Crystallization of Epitaxial Films by Vacuum Condensation: Optimal Conditions and Orientation MechaA basic condition for single-crystal overgrowth in vacuum condensation is that the substrate should be very clean and smooth, such as a cleavage plane [1].

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Pinacoid Growth Pyramids in Artificial Quartz Crystals,Artificial quartz crystals differ from natural ones in having pinacoid growth pyramids, i.e., planes that do not occur in natural crystals as faces and which are essentially created by the shape of the seed.

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Growth Conditions and the Structure of Artificial Quartz Crystals,Studies have been made on artificial quartz crystals by hydrothermal etching [1, 2]. It is found that the internal morphology is closely related to the growth conditions and to the composition of the medium incorporated into the crystal [3].

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Effects of Growth Conditions on Single Crystal Shape,Some features have been described [1] for the shape of dislocation-free silicon single crystals that appear no matter what the mode of growth.

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Melt Supercooling in the Growth of Germanium Single Crystals,The object of this study was to define the supercooling at the crystallization front in growing perfect germanium crystals by Czochralski’s method, together with theoretical calculation of the expected supercooling and comparison of the two.

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oscopy, ion projectors, and various types of resonance spectroscopy, together with advanced techniques for obtaining pure substances and use of high vacuum and so on. A proper analysis of this information requires a careful study of the detailed and complex interatomic and inter molecular relationships during the formation of the structure.

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https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-02090-1sually meant the type of lattice for the metal, the crystallite size, the mutual disposition of the crystallite, and the orientation relative to the cathode substrate, as well as the type of lattice defect, the nature of any impurities, and so on.