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,Epidemiology and Genetic Factors in Graves’ Disease and Graves’ Ophthalmopathy,eceptor activating it and resulting in the clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism. One of the most serious complications of GD is Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO), a complex chronic autoimmune inflammation affecting the orbital and retro-orbital tissues. Epidemiological studies and sibling and twin s

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Laboratory and Clinical Assessment of Hyperthyroidism,ion. This excess in thyroid hormone levels is often accompanied by suppressed serum TSH concentrations and a wide variety of clinical manifestations that often involve many organ systems. Graves’ disease, an autoimmune condition, is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in the United States (80 %

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,Evidence-Based Discussion of Treatment Options for Graves’ Disease,ble evidence for a particular outcome is not informed solely by any single study, but rather by the accumulated evidence of all pertinent studies; and (3) when making decisions, the evidence about the relative benefits and harms of the available options is necessary but not sufficient to make a clin

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,Antithyroid Drug Therapy in Patients with Graves’ Disease, around the world, especially in Europe, South America, and Asia, but more commonly now also in the USA. The review discusses indications and contraindications for therapy as well as mechanisms of action of ATD. Practical guidance is given on initiation of ATD therapy, adjustment of drug dose, and o

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,Thyroidectomy in Patients with Graves’ Disease,c adenoma and toxic multinodular goiter. There is consensus now that total thyroidectomy is the preferred surgical approach to Graves’ disease, as subtotal and partial thyroidectomy are associated with high rates of recurrence and the need for higher-risk remedial surgery or additional treatment. Wh

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