Titlebook: Global Positioning System; Theory and Practice Bernhard Hofmann-Wellenhof,Herbert Lichtenegger,Ja Book 19974th edition Springer-Verlag Vien

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Overview of GPS,Los Angeles Air Force Base (AFB). In 1973, the JP0 was directed by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) to establish, develop, test, acquire, and deploy a spaceborne positioning system. The present Navigation System with Timing and Ranging (NAVSTAR) Global Positioning System (GPS) is the result of this initial directive.

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Observables,d receiver generated signals. Unlike the terrestrial electronic distance measurements, GPS uses the “one way concept” where two clocks are used, namely one in the satellite and the other in the receiver. Thus, the ranges are biased by satellite and receiver clock errors and, consequently, they are denoted as pseudoranges.

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Mathematical models for positioning,he satellite ., . (.) is the geometric distance between the satellite and the observing point, and . is the speed of light. The last item to be explained is △δ. (.) . This clock bias represents the combined clock offsets of the satellite and the receiver clock with respect to GPS time, cf. Eq. (6.1).

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-94361-4The applications of GPS depend substantially on knowing the satellite orbits. For single receiver positioning, an orbital error is highly correlated with the positional error. In relative positioning, relative orbital errors are considered to be approximately equal to relative baseline errors.

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