Titlebook: Glaciers and Ice Sheets in the Climate System; The Karthaus Summer Andrew Fowler,Felix Ng Textbook 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG 202

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Sara C. Gordon,Sarah G. Fitzpatrickallow ice approximation for ice sheets and the shallow shelf approximation for ice shelves. The aspects covered include numerical stability and convergence. Examples of computer code in Matlab are given to aid the exposition.

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The Settlement and Daily Pursuitsimary focus is on glacier length fluctuations. Key aspects studied include the response time and sensitivity of different glaciers to changes in climate, and the use of models to reconstruct past variations of temperature and equilibrium-line altitudes from glacier length records.

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delta-waves

,Slow??Viscous Flow,ations describing their flow and evolution. The ‘shallow ice approximation’—an important approximation of the equations that form the basis of analytical and numerical glaciological models—is also considered.

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Thermal Structure, describes simple mathematical models used to calculate the vertical temperature profile; the energy equation is solved in several scenarios with different boundary conditions. The chapter also covers the thermal classification of ice masses as cold, temperate and polythermal and the idea of thermomechanical feedback.

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Sliding, Drainage and Subglacial Geomorphology,ehind by glaciation. This chapter considers mathematical models of basal sliding, subglacial water drainage and till deformation, and introduces various subglacial landforms due to the interaction of ice, water and sediment. The treatment extends to models of large-scale phenomena including glacier outburst floods and glacier surges.

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