Titlebook: Geodetic Refraction; Effects of Electroma Fritz K. Brunner Book 1984 Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg 1984 atmosphere.magnetism.modelling

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萬神殿

Overview of Geodetic Refraction Studies,gate in a vacuum. This monograph is primarily devoted to the properties of these atmospheric effects and to their evaluation. Three main areas can be distinguished: (i) instrumental solutions, (ii) modelling of the effects, and (iii) theoretical developments.

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Refraction in Geodetic Levelling,ir levelling parties. Current investigations however are showing that reliable models for the refraction correction are available and are easy to apply. The models may be used whether or not temperature gradients are observed in the field.

DECRY

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Book 1984equency shifts, to name the main ter- restrial and space observables. Depending on the wavelength of the radiation and the purpose of the measurements, the follow- ing parameters of the electromagnetic wave are measured: ampli- tude, phase, angle-of-arrival, polarisation and frequency. Ac- curate co

弄皺

Water Vapor Radiometry in Geodetic Applications,accuracy goal in a position or baseline measurement exceeds 2 to 5 cm, then we must measure the line-of-sight vapor delay. The most promising technique available for making the vapor measurement is the use of passive microwave radiometry.

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Book 1984s equally to ter- restrial and space applications. Instrumental accuracies are al- ready below the atmospherically induced limitations, and thus the accuracy demands on the geodetic refraction solutions are entering a new magnitude zone. This monograph is primarily devoted to the properties of the a