Titlebook: Gastrointestinal Surgery; Management of Comple Timothy M. Pawlik,Shishir K. Maithel,Nipun B. Merc Book 2015 Springer Science+Business Media

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Correlations of Excited Electrons, multislice computed tomography (CT) is reliable, and it guides immediate percutaneous drainage. Surgical drainage is only needed if radiological drainage is declined due to interposition of other organs. Small leaks may be managed with nasogastric drainage. For larger leaks, temporary endoscopic st

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Esophageal Strictures Refractory to Endoscopic Dilatation disorders. There are a variety of benign (e.g., postsurgical, peptic, caustic, and radiation-induced) and malignant causes of esophageal strictures. First-line therapy is endoscopic dilatation. Refractory strictures are strictures that fail to achieve an adequate luminal diameter to allow intake of

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