Titlebook: Gastrointestinal Endocrinology; George H. Greeley Book 1999 Springer Science+Business Media New York 1999 G proteins.Pancreas.biosynthesis

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Neuroendocrine Immune Axis in the Intestinetinal tract. The gastrointestinal mucosal immune system is an important component of the normal host response to bacterial, nutritional, viral, parasitic, and other environmental antigens. The mucosal immune system also plays a key role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease and graft vs host disease.

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Neuroendocrine Regulation of Intestinal Peristalsisayer orad (ascending contraction), and relaxation of the circular muscle layer caudad (descending relaxation) to the site of stimulation. During each phase, the longitudinal muscle layer responds in a reciprocal fashion (i.e., ascending or orad relaxation and descending or caudad contraction).

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